How is 'defects' defined in terms of waste?

The term 'defects' in the context of waste refers specifically to instances where results do not meet specifications or expectations. This definition is fundamental in quality management and continuous improvement methodologies, such as Lean manufacturing or Six Sigma.

Defects represent flaws or errors that compromise the quality of a product or service, leading to waste in the form of rework, scrap, or returns. By identifying and addressing defects, organizations can enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve overall customer satisfaction.

In contrast, other options describe situations that relate to quality but do not encapsulate the essence of defects. Quality results that exceed expectations indicate high performance, and products requiring minimal checks for quality assurance suggest a reliability that contradicts the concept of defects. Meanwhile, items that directly enhance customer satisfaction do not address the issue of quality shortfalls, which is central to the definition of defects. Emphasizing defect identification helps organizations to focus on continuous improvement and waste reduction.